An office LAN or data center LAN, however, would use a shorter subnet mask that allows more hosts. For example, a point-to-point link with only two devices would use a 31-bit mask. Organizations will typically use several different subnet masks for different sizes of networks. This increases the number of subnetworks, while reducing the number of hosts per subnet. Subnetting breaks a large network into smaller networks by extending the length of the subnet mask.A longer subnet mask - meaning more 1 bits in the mask - creates more IP subnets that have a smaller host address block size. A subnet mask tells the computer what part of the IP address is the network portion of the address and what part identifies the host address range, which are addresses that are assigned to host computers on that network.The same subnetting procedure works for IPv6 addresses. To calculate the subnet mask, convert an IP address to binary, perform the calculation and then convert back to the IPv4 decimal number representation known as a dotted quad. IPv4 addresses are 32 bits made up of four octets of 8 bits each.IP addresses must be unique on the internet when using public IP addresses and on a private network when using private IP addresses.We recommend starting with a review of some basic elements of IP addressing and subnetting:
Next, let's review some background information, including what network administrators need to know about IP addressing and subnetting. By applying the mask to a packet's destination address, routers can determine which specific network segment contains the destination host and properly deliver the packet. But, as packets get closer to the destination network, routers will need more local routing information, such as the local subnet mask. Routers far away from a destination don't need much addressing detail, so routes can be summarized to a large degree. Subnetting and route summarization work together to make routers more efficient by reducing the size of routing tables. For example, a point-to-point WAN link between two routers only needs two addresses, while a LAN segment may need to support many hosts, such as servers, workstations, laptops and Wi-Fi-connected mobile devices. Subnetting enables assigned network addresses to be broken into smaller, efficient allocations that are more suitable for each network within the organization. Each subnetwork is known as an IP subnet. The result of subnetting is the number of subnetworks increases, while the number of usable host IP addresses decreases. The organization then subdivides the allocated address space into smaller allocations for each subnetwork within the organization, using a process called subnetting. Today, the allocations follow the Classless Inter-Domain Routing ( CIDR) assignment method. ISPs allocate IP address ranges to organizations based on the potential number of networks and hosts, or endpoints, that organizations require.
0 kommentar(er)
